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The companies held by Nikon form the Nikon Group. Nikon's products include cameras , camera lenses , binoculars , microscopes , ophthalmic lenses , measurement instruments , rifle scopes , spotting scopes , and the steppers used in the photolithography steps of semiconductor fabrication , of which it is the world's second largest manufacturer.
Among Nikon's notable product lines are Nikkor imaging lenses for F-mount cameras, large format photography, photographic enlargers , and other applications , the Nikon F -series of 35 mm film SLR cameras, the Nikon D-series of digital SLR cameras, the Nikon Z-series of digital mirrorless cameras, the Coolpix series of compact digital cameras, and the Nikonos series of underwater film cameras. Nikon's main competitors in camera and lens manufacturing include Canon , Sony , Fujifilm , Panasonic , Pentax , and Olympus.
Nikon is a member of the Mitsubishi group of companies keiretsu. Over the next sixty years, this growing company became a manufacturer of optical lenses including those for the first Canon cameras and equipment used in cameras, binoculars, microscopes and inspection equipment.
During World War II the company operated thirty factories with 2, employees, manufacturing binoculars, lenses, bomb sights, and periscopes for the Japanese military. In , the first Nikon-branded camera was released, the Nikon I.
Duncan was working in Tokyo when the Korean War began. The name Nikon , which dates from , was originally intended only for its small-camera line, spelled as "Nikkon", with an addition of the "n" to the "Nikko" brand name. From to the Nikon F in particular was therefore labeled ' Nikkor '. Nikkor is the Nikon brand name for its lenses. Another early brand used on microscopes was Joico , [18] an abbreviation of "Japan Optical Industries Co".
The Nikon SP and other s and s rangefinder cameras competed directly with models from Leica and Zeiss. However, the company quickly ceased developing its rangefinder line to focus its efforts on the Nikon F single-lens reflex line of cameras, which was successful [19] upon its introduction in For nearly 30 years, Nikon's F-series SLRs were the most widely used small-format cameras among professional photographers [ citation needed ] , as well as by some U.
Nikon popularized many features in professional SLR photography [ citation needed ] , such as the modular camera system with interchangeable lenses, viewfinders, motor drives, and data backs; integrated light metering and lens indexing; electronic strobe flashguns instead of expendable flashbulbs; electronic shutter control; evaluative multi-zone "matrix" metering; and built-in motorized film advance. However, as auto focus SLRs became available from Minolta and others in the mids, Nikon's line of manual-focus cameras began to seem out of date [ citation needed ].
Despite introducing one of the first autofocus models, the slow and bulky F3AF, the company's determination to maintain lens compatibility with its F-mount prevented rapid advances in autofocus technology. The much faster lens performance permitted by Canon's electronic focusing and aperture control prompted many professional photographers especially in sports and news to switch to the Canon system through the s.
Once Nikon introduced affordable consumer-level DSLRs such as the Nikon D70 in the mids, sales of its consumer and professional film cameras fell rapidly, following the general trend in the industry. In January , Nikon announced it would stop making most of its film camera models and all of its large format lenses, and focus on digital models.
Nevertheless, Nikon remained the only [ citation needed ] major camera manufacturer still making film SLR cameras for a long time. The high-end Nikon F6 and the entry-level FM10 [21] remained in production all the way up until October The company also has a Coolpix line which grew as consumer digital photography became increasingly prevalent through the early s.
Nikon also never made any phones. Through the mids, Nikon's line of professional and enthusiast DSLRs and lenses including their back compatible AF-S lens line remained in second place behind Canon in SLR camera sales, and Canon had several years' lead in producing professional DSLRs with light sensors as large as traditional 35 mm film frames.
Then, management changes at Nikon led to new camera designs such as the full-frame Nikon D3 in late , the Nikon D a few months later, and mid-range SLRs. Nikon regained much of its reputation among professional and amateur enthusiast photographers as a leading innovator in the field, especially because of the speed, ergonomics, and low-light performance of its latest models.
More recently, Nikon has released a photograph and video editing suite called ViewNX to browse, edit, merge and share images and videos. In reaction to the growing market for Mirrorless cameras, Nikon released their first Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Cameras and also a new lens mount in The lens mount was called Nikon 1 , and the first bodies in it were the Nikon 1 J1 and the V1.
The system was built around a 1 inch or CX format image sensor , with a 2. This format was pretty small compared to their competitors. This resulted in a loss of image quality, dynamic range and fewer possibilities for restricting depth of field depth of field range.
In , Nikon officially discontinued the 1 series, after three years without a new camera body. Also in , Nikon introduced a new mirrorless system in their lineup: the Nikon Z system. The handling, the ergonomics and the button layout are similar to the Nikon DSLR cameras, which is friendly for those who are switching from them. In Nikon updated both the Z 6 and the Z 7. In , Nikon released 2 mirrorless cameras, the Z fc and the Z 9. It offers manual controls, including dedicated dials for shutter speed, exposure compensation and ISO.
It includes a 46 megapixel Full Frame FX format stacked CMOS sensor which is stabilized and has a very fast readout speed, making the mechanical shutter not only unneeded, but also absent from the camera. Along with the sensor, the 3. Although few models were introduced, Nikon made movie cameras as well.
The cameras had a special gate and claw system to improve image steadiness and overcome a major drawback of Super 8 cartridge design. The R10 model has a high speed 10X macro zoom lens. Nikon has shifted much of its manufacturing facilities to Thailand , with some production especially of Coolpix cameras and some low-end lenses in Indonesia. The company constructed a factory in Ayuthaya north of Bangkok in Thailand in By , it had 2, employees. Steady growth over the next few years and an increase of floor space from the original 19, square meters , square feet to 46, square meters , square feet enabled the factory to produce a wider range of Nikon products.
By , it had more than 8, workers. The range of the products produced at Nikon Thailand include plastic molding, optical parts, painting , printing , metal processing, plating , spherical lens process, aspherical lens process, prism process, electrical and electronic mounting process, silent wave motor and autofocus unit production. The Thai facility also produces most of Nikon's digital "DX" zoom lenses, as well as numerous other lenses in the Nikkor line. The main purpose of the joint venture is to further strengthen the corrective lens business of both companies.
This will be achieved through the integrated strengths of Nikon's strong brand backed up by advanced optical technology and strong sales network in Japanese market, coupled with the high productivity and worldwide marketing and sales network of Essilor, the world leader in this industry. Nikon-Essilor Co. In January Nikon announced the discontinuation of all but two models of its film cameras, focusing its efforts on the digital camera market.
High-end Professional — Intended for professional use, heavy duty and weather resistance. Between and the early s [65] a broad range of compact cameras were made by Nikon. In later production cycles, the cameras were double branded with a series-name on the one and a sales name on the other hand. Sales names were for example Zoom-Touch for cameras with a wide zoom range, Lite-Touch for ultra compact models, Fun-Touch for easy to use cameras and Sport-Touch for splash water resistance.
After the late s, Nikon dropped the series names and continued only with the sales name. Nikon's APS-cameras were all named Nuvis. The cameras came in all price ranges from entry-level fixed-lens-cameras to the top model Nikon 35Ti and 28Ti with titanium body and 3D-Matrix-Metering. The top compact cameras are several "Performance" series indicated by a "P Nikon Z series — Nikon Z-mount lenses. Nikon 1 series — CX sensor, Nikon 1 mount lenses.
Midrange and professional usage cameras with DX sensor. Upper-entry-level Consumer — DX sensor. Entry-level Consumer — DX sensor. The Nikon F-mount is a type of interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for its 35 mm Single-lens reflex cameras.
The F-mount was first introduced on the Nikon F camera in Nikon uses the term Speedlight for its electronic flashes. Nikon's digital capture line also includes a successful range of dedicated scanners for a variety of formats, including Advanced Photo System IX , 35 mm , and 60 mm film.
Nikon introduced its first scanner, the Nikon LS with a maximum resolution of x pixels, in Prior to the development of 'cool' LED lighting this scanner used a halogen lamp hence the name 'Coolscan' for the following models. The resolution of the following LED based Coolscan model didn't increase but the price was significantly lower.
Colour depth, scan quality, imaging and hardware functionality as well as scanning speed was gradually improved with each following model. The final 'top of the line' 35mm Coolscan LS ED was a device capable of archiving greater numbers of slides; 50 framed slides or 40 images on film roll.
It could scan all these in one batch using special adapters. A single maximum resolution scan was performed in no more than 20 seconds as long as no post-processing was also performed. With the launch of the Coolscan ED Nikon introduced its most up-to-date film scanner which, like the Minolta Dimage scanners were the only film scanners that, due to a special version of Digital ICE , were able to scan Kodachrome film reliably both dust and scratch free.
In late much of the software's code had to be rewritten to make it Mac OS Nikon announced it would discontinue supporting its Nikon Scan software for the Macintosh as well as for Windows Vista bit. Between and Nikon developed three flatbed scanner models named Scantouch, which couldn't keep up with competitive flatbed products and were hence discontinued to allow Nikon to focus on its dedicated film scanners. In the microscope having revolving nosepiece and interchangeable objectives was produced.
Significant growth for the microscopy division occurs over the next 50 years as Nikon pioneers development of polarising and stereo microscopes along with new products for measuring and inspection Metrology markets. These new products include devices targeted for industrial use such as optical comparators, autocollimators, profile projector and automated vision based systems.
Continued effort through the next three decades yield the release of products including the Optiphot and Labophot microscopes, Diaphot microscope, the Eclipse range of infinity optics, and finally the DS camera series and the Coolscope with the advent of digital sensors. With the acquisition of Metris in the Nikon Metrology division was born. Nikon manufactures scanners and steppers for the manufacture of integrated circuits and flat panel displays , and semiconductor device inspection equipment.
The steppers and scanners represent about one third of the income for the company as of Nikon developed the first lithography equipment from Japan. The equipment from Nikon enjoyed high demand from global chipmakers, the Japanese semiconductor companies and other major companies such as Intel , and Nikon was the world's leading producer of semiconductor lithography systems from the s to In contrast, ASML , a Dutch company, has grabbed over 80 percent of the lithography systems market as of by adopting an open innovation method of product development, which includes the acquisition of U.
S-based light source manufacturer Cymer. In February , Nikon, ASML and Carl Zeiss AG , a leading supplier to ASML, have entered into a definitive settlement and cross-license agreement relating to multiple disputes over patents for lithography equipment that had been underway since and agreed to drop all the world-wide lawsuits regarding the issue.
As of February , Nikon held Nikon no longer manufactures its own image sensors as it outsources the manufacturing to Sony.
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